MySQL
Oracle created the well-known, open-source, and free relational database management system (RDBMS) known as MySQL. Similar to other relational systems, MySQL employs tables and rows to store data, supports referential integrity, and makes use of structured query language (SQL) to access the data. In order to produce the view on the data they need while retrieving data from a MySQL database, users must build a SQL query that connects various tables together.
MongoDB
Although MongoDB has different design concepts from conventional relational systems and is likewise open source and free to use, Although MongoDB is frequently referred to as a non-relational (or NoSQL) system, it takes a very different approach to data storage, presenting data as a collection of documents that resemble JSON (but are actually stored as binary JSON, or BSON), as opposed to the table and row format used by relational systems.
When to use MongoDB vs. MySQL
These two database systems have considerable internal differences. Choosing which one to use is really more of a methodological choice than a strictly technical one.
For seasoned IT workers looking for a familiar database environment, MySQL is an established relational database technology.
The well-known non-relational database system MongoDB provides increased flexibility and horizontal scalability at the expense of some relational databases’ safety features, such as referential integrity.
Which one need you to pick?
We’ll examine some of the various factors to take into account while choosing between MongoDB and MySQL in the sections that follow.
User-friendliness of MongoDB vs. MySQL
Compared to MySQL, MongoDB is more user-friendly. MongoDB has a predetermined structure that enables the database to be filled with various types of data without having identical fields. However, MySQL requires that columns and tables be configured. Additionally, the database’s structure is fixed regardless of the number of columns.
Because MongoDB operates as an object database system and MySQL is a relational database system, MongoDB is superior to MySQL in terms of structured and unstructured data. Instead of MySQL, MongoDB can offer a database system with quick web development.
MySQL vs. MongoDB: Scalability
The MongoDB design has the advantage of making scaling the database really simple. A shard, or section of the database, can be put up as a replica set by configuring a sharded cluster. Data is spread out among a large number of servers in a shared cluster. Due to its highly adaptable design, MongoDB can accommodate applications of any size by horizontally scaling both read and write speed.
A replica set ensures high availability and disaster recovery by replicating data across a number of MongoDB servers that store the same data.
Options for scalability are far more constrained with a MySQL database architecture. Typically, you have two options: adding read replicas or vertical scaling. Adding extra resources to the current database server is necessary to scale vertically, but this has a natural upper limit.
Adding read-only copies of the database to additional servers is known as read replication. There are usually only five total replicas available, and they can only be used for read operations. Since replicas frequently lag behind the write master, this can pose problems with applications that are either write-heavy or write and read often for the database. Although MySQL now supports multi-master replication, its capability is less extensive than that of MongoDB.
Performance of MySQL vs MongoDB
Due to its document-based data storage, MongoDB performs unstructured data operations rather quickly when compared to MySQL.
Due to its JSON-based object storage, it outperforms MySQL when using objects.
When it comes to transactional activities, MySQL excels.
However, you may notice sluggish performance as the data amount increases. The issue rises because the tables are stored in a normalized fashion, retrieving or changing data requires traversing several tables, which adds a burden to the server and degrades speed.
Security of MySQL vs. MongoDB
For sensitive data, MongoDB offers security capabilities such as authentication, access control (user, role-based access control), and encryption (TLS/SSL).
The price tier also affects security features.
For the Standard Edition of MySQL, standard encryption and security measures are provided.
However, MySQL provides authentication, TDE, encryption, masking, firewall, and audit for the other two editions.
Conclusion
We hope that your comprehension of MongoDB and MySQL has improved as a result of our comparison of the two database management systems.
In their own ways, MongoDB and MySQL are both excellent. While it may appear like MongoDB databases save a lot of time during the initial phases of development, the truth is that in some circumstances, a well-defined MySQL database schema might result in a significant speed benefit.
Eventually, MySQL is utilized in particular circumstances (fixed schema constraints).
If your application mostly works with objects and you need schema flexibility, MongoDB is used.
Also, you can divide the work between MongoDB and MySQL, allowing you to freely use both of their features in a hybrid fashion.
The success of your application will depend on having access to data transfer technologies that can operate between these systems and external data sources, regardless of which database you chose or whether you decide to combine the two databases in a hybrid fashion.